# inspection.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2025 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""The inspection module provides the :func:`_sa.inspect` function,
which delivers runtime information about a wide variety
of SQLAlchemy objects, both within the Core as well as the
ORM.
The :func:`_sa.inspect` function is the entry point to SQLAlchemy's
public API for viewing the configuration and construction
of in-memory objects. Depending on the type of object
passed to :func:`_sa.inspect`, the return value will either be
a related object which provides a known interface, or in many
cases it will return the object itself.
The rationale for :func:`_sa.inspect` is twofold. One is that
it replaces the need to be aware of a large variety of "information
getting" functions in SQLAlchemy, such as
:meth:`_reflection.Inspector.from_engine` (deprecated in 1.4),
:func:`.orm.attributes.instance_state`, :func:`_orm.class_mapper`,
and others. The other is that the return value of :func:`_sa.inspect`
is guaranteed to obey a documented API, thus allowing third party
tools which build on top of SQLAlchemy configurations to be constructed
in a forwards-compatible way.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import Any
from typing import Callable
from typing import Dict
from typing import Generic
from typing import Optional
from typing import overload
from typing import Type
from typing import TypeVar
from typing import Union
from . import exc
from .util.typing import Literal
from .util.typing import Protocol
_T = TypeVar("_T", bound=Any)
_TCov = TypeVar("_TCov", bound=Any, covariant=True)
_F = TypeVar("_F", bound=Callable[..., Any])
_IN = TypeVar("_IN", bound=Any)
_registrars: Dict[type, Union[Literal[True], Callable[[Any], Any]]] = {}
class Inspectable(Generic[_T]):
"""define a class as inspectable.
This allows typing to set up a linkage between an object that
can be inspected and the type of inspection it returns.
Unfortunately we cannot at the moment get all classes that are
returned by inspection to suit this interface as we get into
MRO issues.
"""
__slots__ = ()
class _InspectableTypeProtocol(Protocol[_TCov]):
"""a protocol defining a method that's used when a type (ie the class
itself) is passed to inspect().
"""
def _sa_inspect_type(self) -> _TCov: ...
class _InspectableProtocol(Protocol[_TCov]):
"""a protocol defining a method that's used when an instance is
passed to inspect().
"""
def _sa_inspect_instance(self) -> _TCov: ...
@overload
def inspect(
subject: Type[_InspectableTypeProtocol[_IN]], raiseerr: bool = True
) -> _IN: ...
@overload
def inspect(
subject: _InspectableProtocol[_IN], raiseerr: bool = True
) -> _IN: ...
@overload
def inspect(subject: Inspectable[_IN], raiseerr: bool = True) -> _IN: ...
@overload
def inspect(subject: Any, raiseerr: Literal[False] = ...) -> Optional[Any]: ...
@overload
def inspect(subject: Any, raiseerr: bool = True) -> Any: ...
def inspect(subject: Any, raiseerr: bool = True) -> Any:
"""Produce an inspection object for the given target.
The returned value in some cases may be the
same object as the one given, such as if a
:class:`_orm.Mapper` object is passed. In other
cases, it will be an instance of the registered
inspection type for the given object, such as
if an :class:`_engine.Engine` is passed, an
:class:`_reflection.Inspector` object is returned.
:param subject: the subject to be inspected.
:param raiseerr: When ``True``, if the given subject
does not
correspond to a known SQLAlchemy inspected type,
:class:`sqlalchemy.exc.NoInspectionAvailable`
is raised. If ``False``, ``None`` is returned.
"""
type_ = type(subject)
for cls in type_.__mro__:
if cls in _registrars:
reg = _registrars.get(cls, None)
if reg is None:
continue
elif reg is True:
return subject
ret = reg(subject)
if ret is not None:
return ret
else:
reg = ret = None
if raiseerr and (reg is None or ret is None):
raise exc.NoInspectionAvailable(
"No inspection system is "
"available for object of type %s" % type_
)
return ret
def _inspects(
*types: Type[Any],
) -> Callable[[_F], _F]:
def decorate(fn_or_cls: _F) -> _F:
for type_ in types:
if type_ in _registrars:
raise AssertionError("Type %s is already registered" % type_)
_registrars[type_] = fn_or_cls
return fn_or_cls
return decorate
_TT = TypeVar("_TT", bound="Type[Any]")
def _self_inspects(cls: _TT) -> _TT:
if cls in _registrars:
raise AssertionError("Type %s is already registered" % cls)
_registrars[cls] = True
return cls
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